The participation and engagement of Māori in decision-making processes and other government initiatives.  A literature review and annotated bibiliography prepared for the Electoral Commission

Research New Zealand was engaged by the Electoral Commission in 2006 to conduct a literature review and compile an annotated bibliography of work related to Māori participation and to social marketing to Māori that has been created within the public sector and which may have relevance to electoral participation.

The reports were commissioned as part of a research suite examining different aspects of Māori electoral participation.  The work consists of a 187-page report (for which the Contents list follows) and an annotated bibliography of nearly 160 entries.  The work is available for download in several versions and formats to the right.   When referencing these reports please note Research New Zealand as the author (responsible for their contents), the Electoral Commission as publisher, and the reports' availability on this website.

Contents

Acknowledgements

1.0        Glossary

2.0        Executive Summary

3.0        Introduction

4.0        Methodology

4.1       The scope of this review

4.2       Search strategy

Programme establishment, engagement and evaluation

5.0        Diversity among Māori

Summary points from Section 5.0 of the literature review

6.0        Barriers to effective engagement with Māori

6.1       Capacity and capability issues

6.1.1    Addressing capacity and capability limitations

6.2       Attitudinal barriers and the balance of power in relationships

6.3       Barriers to participation in national and local government and district health board elections

6.4       Barriers to meaningful representation

6.5       The complexity of issues facing Māori

Summary points from Section 6.0 of the literature review

7.0        Developing organisational capacity to work with Māori

7.1       A strategic approach

7.1.1    Case study: the Māori health strategy, He Korowai Oranga

7.2       Leadership and relationships

7.2.1    Crown-Māori Relationship Instruments

7.3       Support for staff

7.4       Service delivery

7.4.1    Frameworks for delivery

Summary points from Section 7.0 of the literature review

8.0        Evaluating programmes and policies aimed at improving Māori participation and engagement

8.1       Approaches to evaluation

8.2       Limitations of evaluations and the identification of outcomes

Summary points from Section 8.0 of the literature review

Levels and types of participation

9.0        Participation

Summary points from Section 9.0 of the literature review

10.0      One-off consultation

10.1     Ensuring meaningful participation in consultation

10.2     Hui

10.2.1  Case study: A community engagement hui (Accident Compensation Corporation)

10.3     Barriers to effective consultation

10.3.1   A mandate for consultation

10.3.2   Time constraints

10.3.3   The language of consultation

Summary points from Section 10.0 of the literature review

11.0      Collaborative processes and partnerships

11.1      Defining partnership

11.2      Tikanga as a context for partnership

11.3      Partnership case studies

11.3.1   Case study: Te Pūtahitanga Mātauranga – an Iwi-Crown partnership

11.3.2   Case study: WHĀNAU/Tu BADD

Summary points from Section 11.0 of the literature review

12.0      Community decision-making

12.1      Case study: The Whānau Development Project

12.2      Case study: Ngāti Porou Community Injury Prevention Projects

Summary points from Section 12.0 of the literature review

Māori involvement in decision-making processes: case studies

13.0      Local government

13.1      Legislative context

13.1.1   Resource Management Act 1991

13.1.2   Local Government Act 2002

13.2      Structures and processes to support Māori participation in local government

13.2.1   Policies and planning

13.2.2   Māori standing committees

13.2.3   Māori advisory committees and other advisory bodies

13.2.4   Dedicated units and iwi liaison positions

13.2.5   A strategic approach

13.2.6   Māori wards

13.2.7   Consultation processes

13.3      Encouraging participation by all Māori

13.4      Case study: Māori engagement with local government: A Waikato interagency project

13.5      Measuring success

Summary points from Section 13.0 of the literature review

14.0      District Health Boards (DHBs)

14.1      Case study: The establishment of a Māori Health Rūnanga

Summary points from Section 14.0 of the literature review

15.0      School boards of trustees

15.1      Māori participation on school boards of trustees

15.2      Case study: Te Pūtahitanga Mātauranga

Summary points from Section 15.0 of the literature review

Influencing Māori attitudes and behaviour through social marketing and health promotion campaigns

16.0      Health promotion and social marketing concepts

16.1      Health promotion

16.2       Social marketing

16.3       Social marketing as a tool for enhancing Māori health

Summary points from Section 16.0 of the literature review

17.0      Developing resources and messages

17.1      Making the message accessible

17.1.1    Design

17.1.2    The clarity of advertising messages

17.1.3    Use of te reo Māori

17.1.4    Negative stereotyping and inappropriate use of Māori concepts

Summary points from Section 17.0 of the literature review

18.0      Channels of delivery

18.1      Kanohi ki te kanohi (face to face) delivery

18.1.1   Case study: The Māori electoral option

18.1.2   Case study: “Kia Maanu, Kia Ora – Stay Afloat, Stay Alive” - The Water Safety New Zealand Māori Water Safety Campaign

18.2      Marae and community settings

18.2.1   Case study: Health promotion and diabetes disease prevention

18.2.2   Case study: Auahi Kore Marae (AKM) programm

18.3      Who should deliver the message?

18.3.1   Case study: The New Zealand Fire Service

18.4      The role of the media

18.4.1   Case study: It’s About Whānau

18.4.2   Case study: 2006 Census

18.4.3   Case study: BIZtraining

18.5      Music and kapa haka

18.6      Harnessing communication technologies

Summary points from Section 18.0 of the literature review

19.0   Recognising diversity among Māori

19.1      Case study: The 2004 District Health Board Elections

19.2      Case study: MidCentral District Health Board Meningococcal B campaign

19.3      Reaching rangatahi

19.3.1   Case study: 2006 Census

19.3.2   Case study: WHĀNAU/BADD/Tu BADD media strategy

19.3.3   Case study: Te Mana Information Programme

19.3.4   Hard to reach rangatahi

19.4      Reaching Māori women

Summary points from Section 19.0 of the literature review

Appendix A

Bibliography